Classrooms in which all COB factors are met provide average VR of 11 l/s.p and classrooms in which none of COB factors are met provide average VR is 3.1 l/s.p. Results show COB factors need to be considered holistically to maintain adequate VRs. This difference can mostly be explained by temperature difference between inside and outside.
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Findings highlight that to have VR of 8 ± 1.28 l/s.p during non-heating seasons and VR of 8 ± 1.07 l/s.p during heating seasons, average open areas of 3.8 m2 and 2 m2 are required, respectively. Results show that 12% and 19% of variations in ventilation rates are explained by open areas during non-heating and heating seasons, respectively. ‘Open area’ as a reflection of all COB factors is strongly correlated with ventilation rates. Occupant-related factors classify occupant's good or poor practice of environmental adaptive behaviours. Contextual factors including season, operative temperature (Top), outdoor temperature (Tout), ‘Top-Tout’ and air density can limit or increase VRs. Building-related factors classify classrooms with high or low potentials for natural ventilation, with 45% of classrooms having high potentials. This study investigates how VRs are affected by COB factors in 29 naturally-ventilated classrooms in the UK during Non-Heating and Heating seasons.
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Factors affecting VRs fall into Contextual, Occupant and Building (COB) related factors.
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in classrooms is assessed by CO2 levels and Ventilation Rates (VRs).